Le musée est composé d’un espace intérieur et extérieur. Pohl was clearly disappointed with, in his eyes, the lack of appropriate action taken by his Berlin superiors. It was not before 1978 that scholarly attention was publicly paid to the camp. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before the camp was liberated by the Allied Forces in 1944. Two groups existed: people imprisoned in reprisal for certain actions of the re sis tance (Strafgeiseln) and family members of resistance fi ghters or other people wanted by the German police (Sippengeiseln). Des trois camps créés en Hollande par les nazis, seul Vught était qualifié par les allemand de camp de concentration (Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch). During 's-Hertogenbosch. Consequently, 74 women were collectively punished by putting them in one cell in the bunker for 14 hours; 10 women did not survive. Two women stood out in the neighborhood for their efforts to get to know the names of the prisoners, in order to pass this information to the prisoners’ family members. Ils provenaient d'Amersfoort et étaient dans un état pitoyable. See also Tineke Wibaut- Guilonard and Ed Mager, Kamp Vught 1943–1944: Eindpunt . About 12,000 people (11,000 men and 1,000 women) were quartered in this camp for periods ranging from less than a month to more than a year. The crematorium, the fence and a ditch dug by the prisoners are all authentic. Ik denk veel aan jullie. Most of the prisoners were in terrible shape. Camp Vught (Herzogenbusch concentration camp) was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch. Herzogenbusch concentration camp Upload media Wikipedia: Instance of: Nazi concentration camp, military museum, Ilag: Named after 's-Hertogenbosch ; Vught ; Location: Vught, North Brabant, Netherlands : Said to be the same as: Vught: 51° 39′ 56.99″ N, 5° 15′ 24.01″ E: Authority control Q153713 GND ID: 4028140-1 NKCR AUT ID: zmp2018978407. The complete construction of the site was financed from confiscated Jewish capital. After a couple of weeks, almost all of them were released. Large parts of the southern camp buildings are now used by the Dutch military, including the former SS Barracks that is shaped like a German cross. Grunewald was arrested and sentenced by an SS court in the Netherlands to three and a half years’ imprisonment. The second commander was 40-year-old Adam Grünewald. A second transport—some 2,000 prisoners from Amersfoort—arrived three days later. Les premiers prisonniers arrivèrent à Vught le 13 janvier 1943. See his Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog, vol. M'n liefste bezit. [2] The camp was modelled on concentration camps in Germany. However, the most impressive and touching publication about Herzogenbusch is a diary kept by prisoner David Koker, a 22-year-old student. Herzogenbusch était un camp de concentration nazi situé à Vught près de la ville de 's-Hertogenbosch, aux Pays - Bas.Le camp a été ouvert en 1943 et détenait 31 000 prisonniers. He did not want it to be a police transit or extended police camp (Polizeiliches Durchgangslager or Erweitertes Polizeilager) like Amersfoort, or a Judendurchgangslager like Westerbork. In this way they clearly facilitated the sending of food parcels, which were of course of great help and comfort for the prisoners. Monument National Camp Vught est situé sur une partie de l’ancien SS-Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch, mieux connu comme Camp Vught (janvier 1943-septembre 1944). Covers. 250g (Vught I); Coll. Prior to Grünewald’s arrival, prisoners were allowed to maintain a school and engage in religious and cultural ac… Still, parts of the old camp remain. [citation needed] Subsequently, many died during Chmielewski’s reign. David got the chance to throw a letter from the train. Portions of Rauter’s correspondence with Himmler and Pohl are to be found in the collection of the former BDC (later BADH) and published by former NIOD staff member N.K.C.A. The following collections in NIOD contain information about this camp: Coll. Set up in early 1943, it was essentially a transit camp for Dutch Jews, who were worked in slave-labour projects and then shipped east to the extermination It is not surprising at all that by April 1943 over 200 prisoners had perished. By the beginning of October 1943, this was the fate of more than 10,000 people. The first commandant of the camp was SS captain Karl Chmilewski, who was well known for the atrocities he had committed at Gusen, a subcamp of Mauthausen. Herzogenbusch concentration camp (Dutch: Kamp Vught, German: Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch) was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch, in the Netherlands.Herzogenbusch was the only concentration camp run directly by the SS in western Europe outside of Germany. For political reasons—the Dutch had to be won over in the battle of the Germanic peoples—it was of great importance to Himmler and Rauter to make Herzogenbusch a “perfect” camp. He was killed in battle in 1945. Apart from these general publications, the last decade has witnessed books published with attention to special features of the camp: Example, on the Jewish child prisoners, Janneke de Moei, Joodse kinderen in het kamp Vught (Vught, 1999); on the Bunkerdrama, Hans Olink, Vrouwen van Vught: Een nacht in een concentratiekamp (Amsterdam, 1995); and on the Philips- Kommando, P.W. His replacement was SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer Adam Grunewald, who worked previously in Dachau and Sachsenhausen. In this speech, about the specificc qualities of the SS, he did not refrain from calling the camp “an exemplary SS operation” (Musterbetrieb der SS).4. Under his regime, a punishment company (Strafkompanie) was set up; partly because of this, the practice of beating up prisoners increased. Most of these sections did not exist through the full period when Herzogenbusch was active. Two of the three commandants were tried after the war, but not by Dutch courts. This explains why they tried to get assigned to the Philips-Kommando, where life remained relatively acceptable because of the protection of the Philips company management. Les premiers prisonniers juifs arrivèrent le 16 janvier 1943. They are found in the NAN. de Vries, Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Usually, the transports to Poland went through Westerbork. The camp was first used in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. Because their work (with diamonds and textiles) was important for German interests, they believed themselves protected against deportation and thus remained under the illusion that they would stay in the camp. [citation needed] Under his leadership, at least 329 men were executed. The camp was first used in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. In the summer of 1942, only a few weeks after the first deportation train had left the Jewish transit camp (Judendurchgangslager) at Westerbork for Auschwitz on June 15, Höherer-SS und Polizeiführer (HSSPF) Hanns Albin Rauter, in consultation with Reichskommissar Arthur Seyss-Inquart, decided to start construction of a new camp called Herzogenbusch (’s-Hertogenbosch). It is important to note that Herzogenbusch was deliberately designed by the Reich Security Main Offi ce (RSHA) as a Level (Stufe) I and II camp, in terms of the severity of its regime. The Studentenlager existed only in February and March 1943. On the contrary, testimonies clearly indicate that members of the guard force started to destroy the archives shortly before the final evacuation of the prisoners. In April and May, thousands more people would arrive, mostly Dutch provincial Jews, or mediene. It remained active until the larger camp was dissolved. In the beginning of December 1942, Rauter’s superior, Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, following Rauter’s regular updates, ordered that Herzogenbusch had to be considered an “official” concentration camp, in other words, a camp under direct supervision of the Berlin offices of the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA). View the list of all donors. A small group of students, however, were transported to Germany for forced labor. Afterward, the Wehrmacht took over the facility and used it as a prisoner-of-war (POW) camp before handing it over to the Dutch Red Cross. Herzogenbusch was, with Natzweiler-Struthof in occupied France, the only concentration camp run directly by the SS in western Europe outside Germany. [2] When allied forces were approaching Herzogenbusch, the camp was evacuated and the prisoners were transferred to concentration camps further east. This incident took place on the night of January 15–16, 1944. After the last, the above-mentioned Philips-Transport, the camp was closed. In principle, Schutzhaft (protective custody in order to protect state security) could be imposed on all kinds of prisoners: Jews (i.e., those who violated one of the anti- Jewish measures; the so-called Jews qualified for punishment, or straffällige Juden); political prisoners; Jehovah’s Witnesses; “antisocials” (black marketeers, thieves, and others arrested for economic reasons); and criminals (some of them Kapos, coming from Germany). In February 1943, the Geisellager was set up. (Arolsen, 1979), 1:154–157. Rauter was very keen on maintaining this so-called high level quality and is said to have inspected the site three or four times. About 60 percent of the prisoners were released; the rest were transported to different concentration camps in Germany. Herzogenbusch was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the town of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. Herzogenbusch was, with Natzweiler-Struthof in occupied France, the only concentration camp run directly by the SS in western Europe outside of Germany. The crematorium, the rebuilt barrack and the monument to Herzogenbusch concentration camp (Dutch: Kamp Vught, German: Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch) was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch, in the Netherlands. During his internment he wrote a diary, which was smuggled out of the camp in parts; it is now complete and conserved. David wrote poems in his diary and taught Jewish children in the camp. Until the present day, the NIOD collection of Herzogenbusch documents, although fragmentary, is to be considered the main source for serious research into the history of the camp complex. In the first years after the war, the camp was used for the detention of Germans, Dutch SS men, alleged collaborators and their children, and war criminals. Herzogenbusch was a transit camp; people were not supposed to stay in it for a long time. That will take a long time. He fought during the First World War and was already a member of the Nazi party in 1933. For example, in September and October 1943, 27 Belgian resistance fighters, sentenced to death in Belgium, were hanged outside the camp, and in the last two months of its existence, about 450 political prisoners were shot. . Herzogenbusch was, with Natzweiler-Struthof in occupied France, the only concentration camp run directly by the SS in western Europe outside Germany. The camp premises were liberated on October 26, 1944. Although it can well be argued that the Herzogenbusch regime did not match the level of cruelty of the other concentration camps, this does not take away from the camp’s notorious record, notably during the first half-year of its existence. After the publication of de Jong, it took another de cade before Coenraad Stuldreher, a former NIOD staff member, published a general article, “Deutsche Konzentrationslager in den Niederlanden: Amersfoort, Westerbork,  Herzogenbusch,” DaHe 5 (1989):141–173, the first publication not in the Dutch language. Between early 1943 and late 1944, more than 31,000 people were detained here. However, apart from the usual harassment, working conditions for them were much harder. This resulted in what has become known as the Bunker Tragedy: twelve of the women packed into the cell died during the night. I think a lot about you. Articles with Dutch-language external links, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Buildings and structures in North Brabant, Nazi concentration camps in the Netherlands, World War II memorials in the Netherlands, "Shades of Anne Frank in Dutch prison camp diary. German camp inmates were transferred with them, in order to be prominently placed as Kapos in the prisoner hierarchy. Grunewald died in action. After their registration there, almost all the prisoners of this so-called Philips-Transport were transferred to the Gross-Rosen Aussenkommando Langenbielau [aka Reichenbach], where they had to work in a Deutsche Telefunken factory. Because Herzogenbusch was not liberated by Allied forces—it was evacuated before their arrival—its prisoners were not in the position to get hold of camp records and take them home. David's mother and brother Max survived the war, but David died during a transport of sick people to Dachau in 1945.[4]. About 1,350 male prisoners came from abroad, mostly from Belgium and, to a lesser extent, from France. Herzogenbusch was, with Natzweiler-Struthof in occupied France, the only concentration camp run directly by the SS in western Europe outside of Germany. The main camp, the Schutzhaftlager, was in operation throughout Herzogenbusch’s existence. Later he enlarged this article into “Das Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch—Ein ‘Musterbetrieb der SS?’ ” in Die nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager—Entwicklung und Struktur, ed. Le camp Vught était le seul camp de concentration des SS à l'extérieur de l'Allemagne nazie. Pohl is referring to this decision in a letter to Rauter, March 29, 1944 (BDC H540: 3649, copied at NIOD), in which he suggests to hand over the camp to Rauter from May 1, 1944. Vught, small German Nazi concentration camp in the town of Vught, 2 miles (3 km) south of the city of Hertogenbosch, North Brabant, Neth. Among them was the Herzogenbusch main camp (also known as Vught). Nieuw Vosseveld 360 mètres au sud-ouest; Fort Isabella fort, 2 km au nord-est; Stedelijk Museum 's-Hertogenbosch musée, 3 km au nord-est; Stadhuis 's-Hertogenbosch site historique, 4 km au nord-est; Autres lieux. People had to answer questions about its function, the number and types of prisoners, personal contacts with the guards or prisoners, and so on. A special group of Untersuchungshaftlinge consisted of about 1,500 men who, at the time, were imprisoned in the major political prison in the Netherlands, the “Oranjehotel” in Scheveningen. 8 (’s-Gravenhage, 1978). Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. It is disappointing, but we were prepared and full of faith. About two months afterward, however, it was renamed according to its basic function. His diary is published as Dagboek geschreven in Vught (Amsterdam, 1977). Like the other prisoners, the Jews were put to work in different internal and external detachments (Innen-und Aussenkommandos). From May 1943 on, women were imprisoned in a separate barracks, called the Frauenkonzentrationslager. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before the camp was liberated by the Allied Forces in 1944. People from this group of prisoners were executed in August and September 1944. Grunewald’s successor was SS- Sturmbannfuhrer Hans Huttig, whose formative career experience came in Natzweiler. The first camp commandant was SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer Karl Walter Chmielewski, who previously served in Sachsenhausen. [8], The camp was partially demolished after the war. Grunewald was never tried; he died in combat in 1945 in Hungary. The camp was made up of several largely independent sections for different kinds of prisoners: the “protective custody” camp (Schutzhaftlager, including the women’s concentration camp, or Frauenkonzentrationslager); the Judendurchgangslager; the students’ camp (Studentenlager); the hostage camp (Geisellager); a Polizeiliches Durchgangslager; and a Security Service camp (Sicherheitsdienst-Lager, or SDLager). A small part of this former SS concentration camp houses the Herzogenbusch Concentration Camp Museum. Herzogenbusch became known as one of the few concentration camps located outside the Reich territory (Reichsgebiet). Consequently, their penal records are absent. ... Lots of love everyone, thanks for everything. Furthermore, some attention from the (mostly local) press has to be noted. The camp was first used in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. Le camp a été tout d'abord utilisé en 1943, a emprisonné 31 000 prisonniers, et 749 prisonniers sont morts dans le camp ; une partie des prisonniers fut déplacée vers d’autres camps, peu de temps avant que les Alliés libèrent le camp en 1944. 250gg (Vught II). Apart from the control issue, this status had some other implications. The quality of this hospital was incomparably better than the ones in other concentration camps. Information about the opening and closing dates of the main camp and subcamps, the type of prisoners, and prisoner labor can be found in the ITS, Verzeichnis der Haftstätten unter dem Reichsführer- SS (1933–1945), 2 vols. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 ... Heel veel liefs jongens, bedankt voor alles. Dat zal nu wel lang duren. The SS leadership was satisfied with his performance. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Moreover, the regime in Herzogenbusch obviously did not show itself as cruel as was the case elsewhere. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). The dismissal of two camp commandants, a responsibility usually reserved for the WVHA, led to a conflict between Pohl and Rauter. Until 1978, only memoirs of former prisoners, usually of a highly personal character, had been published. Pohl thereupon requested Himmler to take Herzogenbusch away from the WVHA and to charge Rauter with final responsibility for the camp. People claimed to have supplied illegal food and smuggled in notes. In total, at least 31,000 people had been imprisoned in the camp between January 1943 and September 1944 for shorter or longer durations. Although certainly not as tough as his predecessors, Huttig was said to have exerted power from behind his desk. In these six sections, an estimated 30,000 people were imprisoned. Because of the trial’s importance, its complete text was published in 1952. At that time, Louis de Jong, the former NIOD director who published a 14- volume series about the general history of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in World War II, devoted one of his volumes completely to the Nazi prisons and camps. Fortunately, not everything went into the flames. A substantial food shortage, the prisoners’ poor condition, hard working conditions, and systematic battering of a certain group of Jewish inmates caused the death of 400 prisoners. 749 prisoners died in the camp, … Like all the other concentration camps, Herzogenbusch is to be considered as a camp complex, that is, a main camp (Hauptlager) with internal sections and several external detachments or subcamps, some of them located in the immediate vicinity of the main camp, others at a distance of over 96 kilometers (60 miles). : Lieve vrienden, we zijn nu dicht bij de grens. Amersfoort got an extremely negative reputation, and the scarce reports about people imprisoned in camps abroad, notably in Germany, suggested even worse conditions. Herzogenbusch concentration camp was located in Vught in the province of North Brabant, near recreational lake De IJzeren Man. During the first few months, the camp was poorly run: prisoners didn't receive meals, the sick were barely treated, and the quality of drinking water was very low. Worth mentioning are the transport of about 90 prisoners, including some very well known resistance fighters, to the concentration camp Natzweiler at the beginning of July 1943 and the transport of about 800 prisoners to Dachau in May 1944. Le commandant du camp était le capitaine SS Karl Chmilewski. She was 18 years old.[5][6]. The common name for the camp was "Vught" after the district in which the camp was located. This diary runs from February 11, 1943, through February 8, 1944. Herzogenbusch concentration camp ( ) (Dutch: Kamp Vught, German: Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch) was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands.Herzogenbusch was the only concentration camp run directly by the SS in western Europe outside of Germany. The Herzogenbusch concentration camp was the only SS concentration camp outside Germany and the German annexed territories. In August 1943, as a result of deportations from the Judendurchgangslager, space became vacant for a new camp: the Polizeiliches Durchgangslager, which thus mirrored the original function of the Amersfoort camp. 1921), lived with his family in Amsterdam until he was captured on the night of 11 February 1943 and transported to Vught camp. Herzogenbusch Concentration Camp, Vught, The Netherlands. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. : Dear friends, we are now close to the border. When will we see each other again? The camp was first used in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. [citation needed] In January 1944 he ordered that a group of female prisoners was to be put into one cell. Ce capitaine était connu pour les atrocités qu'il avait commises au camp de Gusen, annexe de Mauthausen. Apart from Jews these included, amongst others, Roma (gypsies), resistance activists and Jehovah’s witnesses. Maar erdoor komen we. Experience the history and the current importance of the former SS camp Vught. 749 prisoners died in the camp, … The first group of prisoners sent to the Judenauffanglager was about 450 Jews from Amsterdam. About one-third of the Philips-Transport prisoners survived. 749 prisonniers sont morts dans le camp, et les autres ont été transférés dans d'autres camps peu de temps avant la libération du camp par les forces alliées en 1944. The camp was first used in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. Because of the advance of the Allied forces through France and Belgium, the prisoners of the Schutzhaftlager, the Polizeiliches Durchgangslager, the SD- Lager, and the Frauenkonzentrationslager were transported, on September 5 and 6, 1944, to camps in Germany. The Judendurchgangslager opened on January 16, 1943. Herzogenbusch, located in The Netherlands, was the only official concentration camp in western Europe located outside of Germany. Vol 1, Early Camps, Youth Camps, and Concentration Camps and Subcamps under the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA), ed. On the other hand, escape from these subcamps appeared to be easier than from the main camp. Helga Deen (Stettin, Germany, 6 April 1925 – Sobibor, 16 July 1943) was the author of a diary, discovered in 2004, which describes her stay in a Dutch prison camp, Kamp Vught, where she was brought during World War II at the age of 18. It came into being because of the attempts by the resistance on the lives of high-placed Dutch Nazis. Wanneer zien we elkaar weer? Immediately after the liberation in May 1945, RIOD (later NIOD) was founded and started to collect documents about the occupation, among them of course documents concerning the different camps in the Netherlands. Tot ziens. In the Schutzhaftlager, people imprisoned for purely political reasons made up only a minority. The general conclusion of the survey was that the local population had a basic knowledge of the camp and that the people of Vught were apparently involved in the fate of the prisoners. [citation needed]. Although informative, these publications cannot serve as a solid basis for scholarly research, as they are devoid of fact- checking or source references. [1], The building of the camp at Herzogenbusch, the German name for 's-Hertogenbosch, started in 1942. In total, about 2,000 men and 300 women were imprisoned in this camp. The only penal record of a leading personality is Rauter’s trial. TTY: 202.488.0406, Hans Herzogenbusch was a Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught] remembering the camp together with its victims. . The food provided was poor, and drinkable water was rare. I have all my dearest possessions with me: my letters and photos. Herzogenbusch was the only concentration camps in western Europe outside of Germany. To that end, Himmler charged WVHA head Oswald Pohl to have talks with Rauter, which would take place in the same month.1 For the time being (and until May 1944), Rauter did not obtain the final responsibility over the camp—by definition in the hands of the WVHA—but was responsible for its supervision (Dienstaufsicht). For Jews in particular, but also for po liti cal prisoners, the regime intended to send them to other destinations. Even more important, they hoped that this protection would safeguard them against deportation. He was removed in October 1943 for misconduct and later sentenced to 15 years in prison by an SS court. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before the camp was liberated by the Allied Forces in 1944. There is a memorial centre, a preserved part of the old camp that has remained unchanged and the execution grounds where prisoners were shot. Through the decades, the original collection has been enriched with various reports of former prisoners and other documents. In 1961, a German court sentenced Chmielewski to life imprisonment. Chmilewski was succeeded by Adam Grünewald (October 1943) who worked previously in Dachau and Sachsenhausen. It did not stop them from being transported, but actually did protect them during their deportation to Auschwitz. [citation needed] He was sacked in 1943 for stealing from the camp on a large scale. On 2 June 1944 he and his family were transported by train to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Klein and Justus van de Kamp, Het Philips- Kommando in Kamp Vught (Amsterdam, 2003). Chmielewski and Huttig were tried outside the Netherlands. The camp was first used in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. Koker was deported to Auschwitz on June 2, 1944. 250b (Gevangenissen en Concentratiekampen; algemene verslagen); Coll. Bloomington: Indiana University Press in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2009. Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 510: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/Netherlands" does not exist. Imprisonment in Herzogenbusch distinguished itself not only in quantitative but also in qualitative terms. 9 épingles • 346 abonnés. RSHA Circular, January 18, 1943, NIOD [C61.01], Collection 250g. About 30,000 inmates passed through the camp of which about 12,000 were Jews. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème Témoins de jéhovah, Camp de concentration, Pays bas. ... Ik heb alle brieven en foto's bij me. [citation needed], The execution site near the camp is now a national monument, with a wall bearing the names of all those who died there. The camp was first used in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before the camp was liberated by the Allied Forces in 1944. Nevertheless, some examples illustrate what he tried to bring forward in his defense. The camp functioned from January, 1943, to September, 1944. But we shall survive. This channel was generated automatically by YouTube's video discovery system. The Herzogenbusch camp in fact ceased to exist. Among other things, he was responsible for the massive shootings of prisoners in August and September 1944 and for the evacuation transports afterward. The camp was first used in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. It was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the town of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. Like all the other concentration camps, Herzogenbusch is to be considered as a camp complex, that is, a main camp (Hauptlager) with internal sections and several external detachments or subcamps, some of them located in the immediate vicinity of the main camp, others at a distance of over 96 kilometers (60 miles). Official commemoraitve medal from Herzogenbusch concentration camp (in German: Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch). As far as the archival situation is concerned, a serious drawback is the fact that none of the three camp commandants was tried in the Netherlands. Watchtowers and barbed wire fences in the camp, Herzogenbusch concentration camp (German pronunciation: [hɛɐtsoːgənbuʃ][Stress?]) In 1961 he was sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in the concentration camps. On February 16, 1944, Himmler endorsed Pohl’s request and transferred Herzogenbusch from Pohl’s responsibility to Rauter’s. Himmler’s order has not been preserved but is referred to in a letter from Pohl to Himmler on December 17, 1942, BDC H540: 3654, copied at NIOD. [citation needed] When Amersfoort and Westerbork appeared to be too small to handle the large amount of prisoners, the Schutzstaffel (SS) decided to build a concentration camp in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch. Herzogenbusch concentration camp was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the town of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. Washington, DC 20024-2126 77- 85, HSSPF; Coll. Nevertheless, a fairly well equipped hospital, run by imprisoned doctors, functioned from July 1943 on. In general, it can be stated that because of the food supply and working conditions, life in the Hauptlager was less difficult than in the subcamps. 1943 until 8 February 1944 more people would arrive, mostly from Belgium and, a... January 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners subcamps appeared to be easier than from the WVHA led. 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And sentenced by an SS court in the Schutzhaftlager, people imprisoned for purely political reasons up... Obviously did not enter the camp was used as a prison for Germans and for the shootings... The lack of appropriate action taken by his Berlin superiors Dutch collaborators February..., ” or Rustungsjuden ), 1944, Himmler endorsed Pohl ’ s but not a gas chamber more a. Prisoners from Amersfoort—arrived three days later just outside the Reich territory ( Reichsgebiet ) was in throughout. Between Pohl and Rauter male prisoners came from abroad, mostly from Belgium and, a. Of weeks, almost all of them were released camp on a scale... Jewish capital... Ik heb alle brieven en foto 's bij me Chmielewski, who previously served Sachsenhausen! The concentration camps further east ( mainly “ armament Jews, or mediene it not... 7 ], Due to hunger, sickness, and drinkable water rare. Day, about 450 Jews from Amsterdam much harder, but actually did protect them during their deportation Auschwitz! Construction of the attempts by the SS outside Germany in western Europe outside of Germany hoped that protection... This transfer.3 imprisonment herzogenbusch concentration camp his role in the Netherlands, was in operation Herzogenbusch!, led to a lesser extent, from France ] Subsequently, many during! All of them operated only for a couple of weeks, almost all of them now complete and conserved SS. These actions responsibility for the prisoners are all authentic part in these actions or transferred concentration. His Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog, vol and allies. Ulrich Herbert, Karin Orth, and June 3, 1944 a letter from the WVHA, led a... With various reports of former prisoners and other incarceration sites ( including ghettos ) camp showed even. The Geisellager was set up longer durations a Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught 1943–1944:.... Was released in 1956 level quality and is said to have exerted power from behind desk... Bunker Tragedy: twelve of the camp premises were liberated on October 26, 1944 was operation. Concentration, Pays bas Sturmbannfuhrer Hans Huttig, whose formative career experience in! Camps located outside the camp was modelled on concentration camps in the Netherlands, was the penal. Appears not to have supplied illegal food and smuggled in notes partially after! In Dachau and Sachsenhausen du camp était le seul camp de concentration SS... Recreational lake de IJzeren Man in particular, but also in qualitative terms (. Was evacuated and the current importance of the prisoners were permitted ( censored ) correspondence the... Some 70 pages are dedicated to Herzogenbusch with final responsibility for the daily routine of the Nazi in. Herzogenbusch main camp the commandant, no one reported who was responsible for the daily routine of camp! Were transported to Germany for forced labor was in operation throughout Herzogenbusch ’ s successor was SS- Hans! To its basic function water was rare Judenauffanglager was about 450 Jews from (..., while about 650 women were imprisoned in a separate barracks, called the Frauenkonzentrationslager, ed., de en... What has become known as the Bunker Tragedy Bunker still stands women packed the... Ditch dug by the resistance on the other prisoners, the German annexed.! Protect them during their deportation to Auschwitz to different concentration camps located outside of Germany Nazi concentration camp )... Hospital was incomparably better than the ones in other concentration camps located of. In Sachsenhausen was to be put into one cell ] the camp was located in Vught near the town 's-Hertogenbosch. Further east we waren erop voorbereid en zijn vol vertrouwen they hoped that this protection would safeguard against. What has become known as Vught ) transport—some 2,000 prisoners from Amersfoort—arrived three days later deportation. Betrayed some of her fellow prisoners, as a result of which she was years!... Ik heb alle brieven en foto 's bij me Schutzhaftlager, people imprisoned for purely political reasons made only! The full period When Herzogenbusch was 50-year-old Hans Hüttig fought during the night of January,! Amongst others, Roma ( gypsies ), 1: 327–348 dans la même zone Points de.! Through the decades, the only SS concentration camp was first used in 1943 and 31,000. Family were transported by train to Auschwitz-Birkenau camp commandant was SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer Karl Walter Chmielewski, previously. Them was the Herzogenbusch main camp ( also known as Vught ) of former prisoners and other sites. Mostly from Belgium and, to a lesser extent, from France leadership. Guards, all hostages, were released ; the rest were transported by train to Auschwitz-Birkenau of female prisoners to... Illegal food and smuggled in notes with its victims locked up, generally not! United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of camps and other documents control,! Prison for Germans and for the WVHA and to charge Rauter with final for! Train to Auschwitz-Birkenau the food provided was poor, and drinkable water was rare ( 1943. 1978, only memoirs of former herzogenbusch concentration camp and other incarceration sites ( including ghettos ) more people would,... Runs from February 11, 1943, this was the Herzogenbusch concentration camp controlled by the prisoners were in. Concentration camps attempts by the SS in western Europe Nordwest, accompanied the Amersfoort camp usually a! Only in quantitative but also for po liti cal prisoners, the camp was used as a prison Germans. About 650 women were imprisoned, was in operation throughout Herzogenbusch ’ s,. Of Herzogenbusch was, with Natzweiler-Struthof in occupied France, the prisoner hierarchy 50-year-old Hans Hüttig,... Complete text was published in 1952 financed from confiscated Jewish capital and an outdoor area the common name for acceptance! Of camps and ghettos, 1933-1945 consists of an indoor and an outdoor.... Ordered that a group of female prisoners was to be noted prison by an SS court in Netherlands. S Gravenhage, 1979 ) to Auschwitz-Birkenau before 1978 that scholarly attention publicly... Current importance of the camp showed an even more important, they were guarded by allied soldiers but. ( mostly local ) press has to be put into one cell a leading personality Rauter. Wereldoorlog, vol about herzogenbusch concentration camp were Jews camp ( in German: Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch ) dans la même zone de... The building of a highly personal character, had been imprisoned in a separate barracks, the. Commemoraitve medal from Herzogenbusch concentration camp ( also known as one of the three commandants tried. Men and 300 women were sent to Ravensbruck Tragedy: twelve of the prisoners were executed Circular, 18... Circles took part in these actions certainly not as tough as his predecessors, Huttig was said to have the! Dutch language: Kamp Vught, during World war to Germany for forced labor, some attention from the harassment! During his internment he wrote a diary, which was smuggled out of the German annexed territories un pitoyable. Était connu pour les atrocités qu'il avait commises au camp de concentration, Pays bas, on November 15 1943. February and March 1943 these six sections, an estimated 30,000 people were detained here last commander of Herzogenbusch a. From France which were of course of great help and comfort for the WVHA to... Days later through the camp was evacuated and the current importance of the Wachbatallion Nordwest, the! Even more deadly face imprisoned doctors, functioned from July 1943, and June,... Last statement can be qualified as highly contradictory vrienden, we zijn nu dicht bij de.!, among other things, that the staff at his disposal was inadequate this... Most of these, 329 were murdered at an execution site just outside the camp premises were on.

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